Vermont’s Act 60, passed in 1997, sought to make education funding more equitable across school districts through a statewide property tax system. Over 75% of school budgets now come from local property taxes. While well-intentioned, implementation of Act 60 funding formulas cultivates a temporal disconnect: towns and school boards can vote to increase spending without constituents feeling immediate tax consequences. This accountability gap has precipitated year-over-year increases in education budgets often exceeding inflation and economic growth, despite steady decreases in student populations. The unfortunate budget Vote-to-Tax gap fosters a unique dynamic: Taxpayers rarely trace rising tax burdens directly back to specific prior-year school budget decisions. This reduces voter agency and perceived value from their tax dollars. School boards experience psychological distance from tax implications their budget votes ultimately trigger . This can promote over...
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